Tajikistan is divided into 5 provinces that constitute the first administrative level in the country's two-tier governance structure. These provinces serve as the primary subnational administrative units, responsible for implementing national policies and delivering public services across their territories. Provincial administrations handle regional economic development, infrastructure management, education, healthcare, and local law enforcement. They act as intermediaries between the central government in Dushanbe and lower-level administrative divisions, coordinating resource allocation and ensuring consistent application of national legislation. Each province maintains its own administrative apparatus headed by a chairman appointed by the President, who oversees regional budgets, development planning, and the coordination of municipal services within the provincial boundaries.