Saudi Arabia is divided into 13 provinces, which serve as the primary administrative divisions of the kingdom. Each province is governed by an emir, typically a member of the royal family, who is appointed by the king and holds ministerial rank. The provinces function as the principal level of regional governance, responsible for implementing national policies, overseeing local government operations, maintaining public order, and coordinating the delivery of public services within their jurisdictions. Provincial administrations manage matters related to municipal affairs, regional development projects, and local administrative needs while serving as the intermediary between the central government in Riyadh and local authorities. The provinces vary considerably in size, population, and economic significance, with some encompassing major urban centers while others cover vast desert territories.