Panama's 13 provinces serve as the primary administrative divisions of the country, functioning as the first level in a two-tier subnational structure. These provinces handle essential governmental functions including the implementation of national policies, coordination of public services, and administration of regional development programs. Each province is led by a governor appointed by the national government, who acts as the representative of the executive branch at the regional level. Provincial administrations manage tasks such as public health services, education coordination, infrastructure maintenance, and civil registration. They also serve as intermediaries between the central government in Panama City and the lower-level districts, ensuring effective communication and resource distribution throughout their jurisdictions.