Malaysia is divided into 16 states that constitute the primary administrative division of the country. These states function as the first level of governance in Malaysia's two-tier administrative structure, operating below the federal government and above local authorities. Each state has its own constitution, legislature, and executive council headed by a Chief Minister (Menteri Besar in most states, or Chief Minister in others). States hold jurisdiction over matters including land administration, Islamic law and custom, local government, agriculture, forestry, and state public works. The division of powers between federal and state governments is defined by the Federal Constitution, with states retaining significant autonomy in designated areas while the federal government manages national affairs such as defense, foreign policy, and internal security.