Morocco's 12 regions constitute the first and highest tier of the country's two-level administrative structure. Established through constitutional reforms in 1997 and reorganized in 2015, these regions serve as major territorial divisions responsible for economic development planning, infrastructure coordination, and the implementation of national policies at the regional level. Each region is governed by an elected regional council and a president (wali), who represents the central government. Regional authorities handle matters including transportation networks, environmental management, cultural programs, and economic promotion within their jurisdictions. This administrative framework aims to balance centralized governance with regional autonomy, allowing for development strategies tailored to each region's specific geographic and economic characteristics while maintaining coordination with national objectives.