Latvia's administrative structure consists of 43 municipalities, which serve as the country's primary and only level of local government following major territorial reforms completed in 2021. These municipalities hold comprehensive responsibility for local governance, including urban planning, public transportation, education through primary and secondary schools, social services, healthcare facilities, waste management, and maintenance of local infrastructure. Each municipality operates with an elected council and appointed executive leadership, managing both urban centers and surrounding rural areas within their jurisdiction. The municipalities function with significant autonomy in budgetary matters and local decision-making, while coordinating with national government institutions on broader policy implementation. This single-tier system replaced the previous two-tier structure of municipalities and districts, streamlining administrative efficiency and reducing bureaucratic overlap across the country.