Luxembourg is divided into 12 cantons, which constitute the first administrative level in the country's two-tier territorial organization. Cantons serve primarily as judicial and electoral districts rather than as units of local governance with significant executive powers. Each canton contains a justice of the peace court and forms a constituency for national elections to the Chamber of Deputies. While cantons historically had administrative functions, most practical governance occurs at the municipal level below them. The canton system provides an intermediate organizational framework for coordinating certain services and maintaining judicial administration across Luxembourg's territory. Canton boundaries help organize police districts and some statistical data collection, though their role has diminished compared to their historical significance in the 19th and early 20th centuries.