Swedish municipalities (kommuner) constitute the second and final tier of local administration in Sweden, numbering 290 in total. These municipalities serve as the primary providers of public services to residents, including responsibility for education from preschool through secondary school, social services, elderly care, urban planning, waste management, and local infrastructure. Each municipality operates with significant autonomy under Swedish law, maintaining the right to levy income taxes to fund operations and exercising broad authority over local matters within their jurisdiction. Governed by elected municipal councils, they function as multi-purpose administrative units that handle the day-to-day governance closest to citizens, making them essential to Sweden's decentralized welfare state model.