Municipalities represent the second and final level of local government in Serbia, with 168 such units operating below the national government. These administrative divisions serve as the primary units of local self-government, responsible for delivering essential public services to residents within their territories. Municipal governments handle matters including urban planning, local infrastructure maintenance, primary education, healthcare facilities, social welfare programs, and cultural institutions. They possess elected assemblies and mayors who manage local budgets, enact municipal regulations within the framework of national legislation, and address community-specific needs. Municipalities vary significantly in population and geographic size, ranging from small rural communities to larger urban centers, though the capital Belgrade maintains a special administrative status with its own subdivisions.