Communes represent the third and most local administrative level in Chile's territorial organization, with 345 communes currently established across the country. Each commune functions as a municipality governed by an elected mayor (alcalde) and municipal council, responsible for delivering essential public services to residents within their jurisdiction. These services typically include local urban planning and zoning, maintenance of municipal roads and public spaces, operation of primary healthcare clinics, management of local education establishments, collection of municipal taxes and fees, and issuance of business permits and licenses. Communes also handle civil registry functions, social welfare programs, and local cultural activities. The size and population of communes vary considerably, from small rural municipalities to large urban districts within major cities like Santiago, Valparaíso, and Concepción. This administrative structure allows for decentralized governance that can address specific local needs and priorities while operating within the framework of regional and national policies.